Quick recall · 126 cards
Short MCQ-style retrieval prompts. Tap a card to reveal the answer.
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A sailor jumps in the forward direction, causing the boat to move backward. Which law of Newton does this illustrate?
C · Newton's Third Law of Motion
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A bus is moving along a straight path and takes a sharp turn to the right side suddenly. In which direction will the passengers sitting on the bus bend?
B · Towards the left side
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An object is moving with uniform velocity. What can be said about its acceleration?
B · Acceleration is zero
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A bus is moving along a straight path and takes a sharp turn to the right side suddenly. The passengers sitting on the bus will bend towards which side?
B · Left side
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A body of mass 2 kg is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. After 2 seconds, its kinetic energy will be: (Take g = 10 m/s²)
A · 960 J
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Which of the following best defines 'distance' in the context of motion?
B · The total length of the path traveled by an object
'Distance' refers to the total length of the path traveled by an object, regardless of direction.
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If a person walks 3 km east and then 4 km north, what is the total distance covered?
B · 7 km
Distance is the total path length, so 3 km + 4 km = 7 km.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a path taken by a runner. What is the total distance covered by the runner? (Diagram shows a path: 5 m east, 12 m north, 5 m west)
B · 22 m
Total distance is sum of all path segments: 5 + 12 + 5 = 22 m.
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Which of the following correctly defines 'displacement'?
B · Shortest distance between initial and final positions with direction
Displacement is a vector quantity that represents the shortest distance from initial to final position along with direction.
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A person walks 6 km north, then 8 km east. What is the magnitude of the displacement?
B · 10 km
Displacement is the hypotenuse of the right triangle: \( \sqrt{6^2 + 8^2} = 10 \) km.
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Refer to the vector diagram below showing displacement vectors \( \vec{A} \) and \( \vec{B} \). What is the resultant displacement if \( \vec{A} = 3 \) km east and \( \vec{B} = 4 \) km north?
A · 5 km northeast
Resultant displacement is \( \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = 5 \) km directed northeast.
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A car moves 100 km in 2 hours. What is its average speed?
A · 50 km/h
Speed = distance/time = 100 km / 2 h = 50 km/h.
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Which of the following is a scalar quantity?
C · Speed
Speed is a scalar quantity as it has magnitude only, no direction.
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A cyclist covers 30 km in 2 hours and then 20 km in 1 hour. What is the average speed for the entire journey?
A · 25 km/h
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Which of the following statements is true about speed and velocity?
C · Velocity includes direction; speed does not
Velocity is a vector quantity including direction; speed is scalar and has magnitude only.
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Refer to the velocity-time graph below. What is the acceleration of the object between 0 and 4 seconds?
A · 2 m/s²
Acceleration = change in velocity / time = (8 - 0) m/s / 4 s = 2 m/s².
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Which of the following quantities is a vector?
C · Velocity
Velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.
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If an object moves with a constant velocity, what is its acceleration?
A · Zero
Constant velocity means no change in velocity, so acceleration is zero.
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A vehicle slows down from 20 m/s to 10 m/s in 5 seconds. What is its acceleration?
A · -2 m/s²
Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time = (10 - 20) / 5 = -2 m/s² (negative indicates deceleration).
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Refer to the acceleration-time graph below. What is the change in velocity between 0 and 3 seconds?
A · 9 m/s
Change in velocity = acceleration × time = 3 m/s² × 3 s = 9 m/s.
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding velocity and speed?
A · Velocity can be negative; speed cannot
Velocity is a vector and can have negative values depending on direction; speed is scalar and always positive or zero.
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Match the following quantities with their correct type:
B · 1. Distance - Scalar
2. Velocity - Vector
3. Acceleration - Vector
4. Speed - Scalar
Distance and speed are scalar quantities; velocity and acceleration are vector quantities.
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An object starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 4 m/s² for 5 seconds. What is its final velocity?
A · 20 m/s
Final velocity \( v = u + at = 0 + 4 \times 5 = 20 \) m/s.
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Which of the following best describes acceleration?
B · Rate of change of velocity
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
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A car moves with a velocity of 30 m/s east. After 10 seconds, its velocity changes to 10 m/s east. What is the acceleration?
A · -2 m/s²
Acceleration = (10 - 30) / 10 = -20 / 10 = -2 m/s² (negative indicates slowing down).
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Refer to the diagram below showing displacement and velocity vectors. If displacement is 5 km north and velocity is 10 km/h north, which of the following is true?
A · Velocity and displacement have same direction
Both displacement and velocity vectors point north, so they have the same direction.
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An object moves in a circle at constant speed. Which of the following is true about its velocity and acceleration?
B · Velocity changes direction; acceleration is towards center
In circular motion, velocity direction changes continuously, causing centripetal acceleration towards the center.
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Which of the following statements about displacement and distance is correct?
A · Displacement can be zero but distance cannot
If an object returns to its starting point, displacement is zero but distance traveled is not zero.
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A runner completes one lap of a 400 m circular track in 80 seconds. What is the runner's average speed and average velocity?
A · Speed = 5 m/s; Velocity = 0 m/s
Average speed = total distance / time = 400/80 = 5 m/s; displacement after one lap is zero, so average velocity is zero.
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What is the correct definition of force in physics?
A · A push or pull that can change the state of motion of an object
Force is defined as a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object, which can change its state of motion.
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Which of the following is a unit of force in the SI system?
A · Newton
The SI unit of force is the Newton (N), defined as the force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass by 1 m/s².
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Which statement best describes a force?
B · Force can change the shape or motion of an object
A force can cause an object to change its shape or its motion (speed or direction).
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If a force is applied on an object but it does not move, what can be concluded about the force?
A · The force is balanced by other forces
If an object does not move despite a force applied, it means the applied force is balanced by other forces such as friction or normal force.
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A force of 10 N is applied to a 2 kg object at rest. What will be the acceleration of the object?
A · 5 m/s²
Using Newton's second law: \( a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{10}{2} = 5 \) m/s².
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Which of the following is an example of a contact force?
A · Frictional force
Frictional force arises due to direct contact between surfaces, unlike gravitational, magnetic, or electrostatic forces which act at a distance.
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Which force acts to oppose the motion of an object sliding on a surface?
A · Frictional force
Frictional force always acts opposite to the direction of motion, resisting sliding between surfaces.
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Which force is responsible for keeping planets in orbit around the sun?
A · Gravitational force
Gravitational force is the attractive force between masses that keeps planets in orbit around the sun.
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Which of the following forces is a non-contact force?
A · Magnetic force
Magnetic force acts at a distance without physical contact, unlike frictional, applied, or tension forces.
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Which force acts along the string of a suspended object?
A · Tension force
Tension force is the pulling force transmitted along a string, rope, or cable when it is pulled tight.
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Which force is responsible for the resistance experienced by an object moving through air?
A · Air resistance
Air resistance is a type of frictional force that opposes the motion of objects through air.
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A book resting on a table experiences which of the following forces acting upwards?
A · Normal force
The normal force is the perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it.
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Which of the following forces can change both the speed and direction of a moving object?
A · Unbalanced force
An unbalanced force causes a change in velocity, which can affect both speed and direction of motion.
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When a force is applied to a stationary object and it starts moving, what effect has the force produced?
A · Change in state of motion
Force can change the state of motion of an object, causing it to start moving from rest.
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What happens to the motion of an object if equal and opposite forces act on it simultaneously?
A · The object remains at rest or moves with constant velocity
When forces are balanced (equal and opposite), there is no change in motion; the object remains at rest or moves at constant velocity.
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A car moving at a constant speed suddenly applies brakes and stops. Which effect of force is demonstrated here?
A · Force causes deceleration
Applying brakes exerts a force opposite to the motion, causing the car to decelerate and stop.
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If a force acts on an object moving in a circle, what effect does it have on the object’s motion?
A · Changes direction of motion
A force acting towards the center of the circle (centripetal force) changes the direction of the object, keeping it in circular motion.
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A person pushes a box with a force of 50 N, but the box does not move. What can be inferred about the forces acting on the box?
A · The frictional force is equal and opposite to the applied force
If the box does not move, the frictional force balances the applied force, resulting in no net force and no motion.
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Which of the following statements is correct about force?
A · Force can change the speed or direction of an object
Force can change the speed or direction of an object. It does not always act in the direction of motion and can act on stationary objects. Force is measured in Newtons, not Joules.
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Consider the following statements:
1. Balanced forces cause acceleration.
2. Unbalanced forces cause change in motion.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A · Only statement 2 is correct
Balanced forces do not cause acceleration; unbalanced forces cause acceleration or change in motion.
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Which of the following best defines force?
A · A push or pull that can change the state of motion of an object
Force is defined as a push or pull upon an object resulting from its interaction with another object, which can change its motion or shape.
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Force can be described as which of the following?
C · A push or pull
Force is any interaction that, when unopposed, changes the motion of an object; it can be a push or a pull.
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Which of the following statements correctly describes force?
B · Force can change the speed, direction, or shape of an object
Force can change an object's speed, direction of motion, or shape depending on how it is applied.
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Which of the following is an example of a non-contact force?
C · Gravity
Gravity is a non-contact force because it acts at a distance without physical contact between objects.
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Which force acts when two surfaces slide against each other?
B · Friction
Friction is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact.
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Which of the following pairs correctly classifies the forces as contact or non-contact?
B · Friction - Contact, Magnetic force - Non-contact
Friction is a contact force because it requires physical contact; magnetic force is a non-contact force acting at a distance.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a block on a surface with forces acting on it. Which force is responsible for preventing the block from sinking into the surface?
C · Normal force
The normal force acts perpendicular to the surface and balances the weight of the object, preventing it from sinking.
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Which of the following forces is a pulling force transmitted through a string, rope, or cable?
A · Tension
Tension is the pulling force transmitted along a string, rope, or cable when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends.
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Which force acts opposite to the direction of motion and slows down a moving object?
B · Friction
Friction opposes the motion of objects sliding or moving over each other, causing them to slow down.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a stretched rope holding a hanging object. What force is represented by the tension in the rope?
D · Force pulling the object upward
Tension in the rope pulls the object upward, balancing the weight of the hanging object.
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What effect does an unbalanced force have on a stationary object?
B · It starts moving
An unbalanced force acting on a stationary object causes it to start moving by changing its state of rest.
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of force on an object?
D · Change in color
Force can change an object's speed, direction, or shape but does not cause a change in color.
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A force causes a moving object to slow down and eventually stop. Which effect of force is demonstrated here?
B · Change in speed
The force (such as friction) reduces the speed of the object until it stops, showing change in speed.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a ball moving and then changing its direction after hitting a wall. Which effect of force is illustrated here?
B · Change in direction
The force exerted by the wall changes the direction of the ball's motion.
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According to Newton's First Law, an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by which of the following?
B · Unbalanced forces
Newton's First Law states that an object changes its state of motion only when acted upon by an unbalanced force.
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If a force of 10 N is applied to a 2 kg object initially at rest, what will be its acceleration? (Ignore friction) \( a = \frac{F}{m} \)
A · 5 m/s\(^2\)
Using Newton's Second Law: \( a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{10}{2} = 5 \) m/s\(^2\).
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Which of Newton's laws explains why passengers lurch forward when a bus suddenly stops?
A · First Law (Law of Inertia)
Newton's First Law states that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force, causing passengers to lurch forward.
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Refer to the diagram below showing two ice skaters pushing off each other. Which Newton's law is demonstrated here?
C · Third Law
Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, as shown by the two skaters pushing off each other.
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Which instrument is commonly used to measure force?
B · Spring balance
A spring balance measures force by the extension of a spring proportional to the applied force.
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What is the SI unit of force?
A · Newton
The SI unit of force is the Newton (N), defined as the force required to accelerate 1 kg mass by 1 m/s\(^2\).
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Two forces of 5 N and 5 N act on an object in opposite directions. What is the net force on the object?
B · 0 N
Since the two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, they cancel each other, resulting in zero net force (balanced forces).
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If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, what will happen to the object?
C · It will accelerate
Unbalanced forces cause a change in velocity, meaning the object will accelerate.
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Refer to the diagram below showing forces acting on a box. The applied force is 15 N to the right and frictional force is 10 N to the left. What is the net force and direction on the box?
A · 5 N to the right
Net force = 15 N (right) - 10 N (left) = 5 N to the right, causing acceleration in that direction.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about balanced forces?
C · They result in no change in motion
Balanced forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in no change in the object's motion.
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A particle moves under the action of a force F = (4t² - 3t + 2) N along the direction of motion, where t is time in seconds. If the particle starts from rest with mass 3 kg, find its velocity at t = 3 s.
D · 8.1 m/s
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A force of 50 N acts on a 4 kg block initially at rest on a frictionless surface. The force acts at an angle of 60° above the horizontal. Calculate the work done by the force after the block has moved 6.5 m horizontally.
C · 1300 J
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Assertion (A): When a force acts on a body at rest, it always causes the body to move.
Reason (R): A force can be balanced by friction, resulting in no motion.
C · A is false but R is true
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A 0.5 kg ball is thrown vertically upwards with an initial speed of 15 m/s. Considering air resistance provides a constant downward force of 1.5 N, calculate the maximum height reached by the ball. (Take g = 9.8 m/s²)
A · 10.2 m
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A force of 60 N is applied at an angle of 45° to move a 10 kg crate on a rough floor with coefficient of kinetic friction 0.4. Calculate the acceleration of the crate. (Take g = 9.8 m/s², cos 45° = sin 45° = 0.707)
C · 1.8 m/s²
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A 15 kg box is pulled by a force of 100 N at an angle θ to the horizontal. The box moves with constant velocity on a rough surface with coefficient of kinetic friction 0.5. Calculate the angle θ. (Take g = 9.8 m/s²)
D · 50°
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Which of the following correctly defines work done when a force \( F \) moves an object through a displacement \( d \) at an angle \( \theta \) to the force?
A · Work = \( F \times d \times \cos \theta \)
Work done is the component of force in the direction of displacement multiplied by the displacement, which is \( Fd\cos\theta \).
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If a force of 10 N moves an object 5 m in the direction of the force, what is the work done?
A · 50 J
Work done \( W = F \times d = 10 \times 5 = 50 \) joules.
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Which of the following statements about work is correct?
A · Work is done only when there is displacement in the direction of force
Work requires displacement in the direction of the applied force; without displacement, no work is done.
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A person pushes a box with a force of 20 N at an angle of 60° to the horizontal and moves it 3 m horizontally. What is the work done by the person?
A · 30 J
Work done \( W = Fd\cos\theta = 20 \times 3 \times \cos 60^\circ = 20 \times 3 \times 0.5 = 30 \) J.
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Refer to the diagram below showing force vs displacement graph.
What is the work done by the force over the displacement from 0 to 4 m?
A · 16 J
Work done is the area under the force-displacement graph. Area = force \( \times \) displacement = 4 N \( \times \) 4 m = 16 J.
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Energy is defined as the capacity to do which of the following?
A · Work
Energy is the capacity to do work.
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Which of the following is a correct statement about energy conservation?
A · Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
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A machine converts 500 J of input energy into 400 J of useful output energy. What is the efficiency of the machine?
A · 80%
Efficiency = \( \frac{\text{Output energy}}{\text{Input energy}} \times 100 = \frac{400}{500} \times 100 = 80\% \).
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Refer to the energy transformation diagram below.
Which form of energy is represented at stage 3 in the diagram?
B · Potential Energy
Stage 3 shows energy stored due to position or height, which is potential energy.
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The kinetic energy of an object depends on which of the following?
A · Mass and velocity of the object
Kinetic energy depends on the mass and the square of the velocity of the object.
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An object of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity of 3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
A · 9 J
Kinetic energy \( KE = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \times 3^2 = 9 \) J.
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Which of the following changes will double the kinetic energy of a moving object?
C · Increase velocity by \( \sqrt{2} \)
Kinetic energy \( KE = \frac{1}{2} m v^2 \). To double KE, velocity must increase by \( \sqrt{2} \) times.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a ball of mass 1 kg dropped from height 5 m.
What is the potential energy of the ball at the top? (Take \( g = 10 \ \text{m/s}^2 \))
A · 50 J
Potential energy \( PE = mgh = 1 \times 10 \times 5 = 50 \) J.
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Which factor does NOT affect the gravitational potential energy of an object?
A · Color of the object
Color does not affect gravitational potential energy; only mass, height, and gravity do.
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A 3 kg object is lifted to a height of 4 m. What is its potential energy? (Take \( g = 9.8 \ \text{m/s}^2 \))
A · 117.6 J
Potential energy \( PE = mgh = 3 \times 9.8 \times 4 = 117.6 \) J.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a pendulum at its highest and lowest points.
At which point is the potential energy maximum?
A · At the highest point
Potential energy is maximum at the highest point due to maximum height.
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Power is defined as the rate of doing which of the following?
A · Work
Power is the rate at which work is done.
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If a machine does 200 J of work in 5 seconds, what is its power output?
A · 40 W
Power = Work / Time = 200 J / 5 s = 40 W.
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Which of the following units is NOT a unit of power?
A · Joule
Joule is a unit of energy/work, not power.
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A motor lifts a 50 kg load to a height of 10 m in 20 seconds. What is the power developed by the motor? (Take \( g = 9.8 \ \text{m/s}^2 \))
A · 245 W
Work done = mgh = 50 \times 9.8 \times 10 = 4900 J.Power = Work / Time = 4900 / 20 = 245 W.
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Refer to the schematic below showing a motor lifting a weight.
If the motor lifts the weight 5 m in 10 seconds with a force of 100 N, what is the power output of the motor?
A · 50 W
Work done = Force \( \times \) displacement = 100 N \( \times \) 5 m = 500 J.Power = Work / Time = 500 J / 10 s = 50 W.
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Match the following energy types with their correct descriptions:
A · 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D
1-Kinetic Energy: energy due to motion (A), 2-Potential Energy: energy due to position (B), 3-Chemical Energy: energy stored in bonds (C), 4-Thermal Energy: energy due to temperature (D).
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding work and energy?
A · Work done on an object changes its energy
Work done on an object results in a change in its energy, either kinetic or potential.
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Which of the following correctly defines work done when a force \( F \) moves an object through a displacement \( d \) at an angle \( \theta \) to the force?
B · Work = \( F \times d \times \cos \theta \)
Work done is the component of force in the direction of displacement multiplied by the displacement, which is \( Fd\cos\theta \).
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An object is moved horizontally with a force of 10 N over a distance of 5 m. What is the work done by the force?
A · 50 J
Work done = Force \( \times \) displacement = 10 N \( \times \) 5 m = 50 J.
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Which of the following statements about work is correct?
A · Work is done only when the object moves in the direction of the force
Work is done only when there is displacement in the direction of the applied force.
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A force of 20 N acts on an object for 3 seconds causing it to move 15 m. If the force is in the direction of motion, what is the work done?
A · 300 J
Work done = Force \( \times \) displacement = 20 N \( \times \) 15 m = 300 J.
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Refer to the diagram below showing a force \( F \) acting at an angle \( 60^\circ \) to the horizontal displacement \( d = 4 \) m. If \( F = 10 \) N, what is the work done by the force?
A · 20 J
Work done = \( Fd\cos\theta = 10 \times 4 \times \cos 60^\circ = 10 \times 4 \times 0.5 = 20 \) J.
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Which of the following is the correct SI unit of energy?
A · Joule
Energy is measured in Joules (J) in the SI system.
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Energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called:
A · Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy due to motion of a body.
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If the total mechanical energy of a system remains constant, which of the following statements is true?
A · Sum of kinetic and potential energy is constant
In a conservative system, total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant.
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A body of mass 2 kg is lifted to a height of 5 m. What is the potential energy gained by the body? (Take \( g = 10 \) m/s\(^2\))
A · 100 J
Potential energy \( = mgh = 2 \times 10 \times 5 = 100 \) J.
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Which form of energy is stored energy due to position or configuration?
A · Potential energy
Potential energy is stored energy due to position or configuration.
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Refer to the energy bar chart below showing kinetic and potential energy of a pendulum at different positions. At which position is the potential energy maximum?
A · At the highest point
Potential energy is maximum at the highest point where kinetic energy is minimum.
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The kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to:
A · Square of its velocity
Kinetic energy \( KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 \) is proportional to the square of velocity.
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A 3 kg object is moving with a velocity of 4 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
A · 24 J
KE = \( \frac{1}{2} \times 3 \times 4^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 3 \times 16 = 24 \) J.
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Which of the following changes will double the kinetic energy of a moving object?
A · Increase velocity by \( \sqrt{2} \)
Since KE \( \propto v^2 \), increasing velocity by \( \sqrt{2} \) doubles KE.
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Refer to the velocity vs kinetic energy graph below. What is the kinetic energy when velocity is 5 m/s for a 2 kg object?
A · 25 J
KE = \( \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \times 5^2 = 25 \) J. (Note: Correct calculation is 25 J, so option A is correct. Adjusted answer accordingly.)
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Which of the following is true about potential energy of an object near the Earth’s surface?
A · It depends on the height above ground
Potential energy near Earth’s surface depends on height: \( PE = mgh \).
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A ball is thrown vertically upwards. At the highest point, its:
A · Potential energy is maximum and kinetic energy is zero
At the highest point, velocity is zero so kinetic energy is zero and potential energy is maximum.
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Which of the following expressions correctly gives the potential energy of a spring stretched by a distance \( x \)?
A · \( \frac{1}{2}kx^2 \)
Potential energy stored in a stretched spring is \( \frac{1}{2}kx^2 \), where \( k \) is spring constant.
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Refer to the force diagram below showing a block lifted vertically with force \( F \) equal to its weight. What is the power developed if the block of mass 5 kg is lifted 10 m in 4 seconds? (Take \( g = 10 \) m/s\(^2\))
A · 125 W
Work done = mgh = 5 \( \times \) 10 \( \times \) 10 = 500 JPower = Work done / time = 500 / 4 = 125 W.
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Power is defined as the rate of doing work. Its SI unit is:
A · Watt
Power is work done per unit time and is measured in Watts (W).
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If a machine does 500 J of work in 10 seconds, what is its power output?
A · 50 W
Power = Work / time = 500 J / 10 s = 50 W.
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Which of the following statements about power is correct?
A · Power increases if the same work is done in less time
Power is work done per unit time, so doing the same work in less time increases power.
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Match the following quantities with their correct SI units:
A · 1. Work - Joule
2. Power - Watt
3. Force - Newton
4. Energy - Joule
Work and energy are measured in Joules, power in Watts, and force in Newtons.
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Consider the following statements:
1. Work done can be negative.
2. Kinetic energy can never be negative.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
C · Both 1 and 2 are correct
Work done can be negative if force opposes displacement; kinetic energy, being proportional to \( v^2 \), is always positive or zero.
